早期門徒如何認識耶穌?(Dan Liu)

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部分《羅馬書》、《腓立比書》篇末及《歌羅西書》篇首的對開本 (bifolio)

大約公元50年,保羅和同工在腓立比地區停留 (《使徒行傳》16章),呂底亞和獄卒一家,還有一些當地人都因為他們的見證而改變受洗了。隨後不久,使徒們就起程前往帖撒羅尼迦 (《使徒行傳》17:1),那麼是誰繼續建立腓立比教會門徒的信心成長呢?除了保羅激勵的講道和個別的特殊經歷外,他們還可以怎樣更加認識耶穌?又從何知道神對他們生命的期望呢?

對我們來說,簡單直接。手指輕輕一滑,就有《新舊約全書》在面前,還有五花八門的工具軟件幫助我們了解生與死、耶穌的復活和早期教會的生活。互聯網上提供了眾多的《聖經》譯本、評論講解和靈修資料,帶領我們每天與神同行。那麼,第一世紀的外邦門徒又有甚麼可以依靠呢?最早的《新約》書信,估計是在公元49年左右[1]Ben Witherington III, The New Testament Story(Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004), 48.寫成的《加拉太書》,並且在各地教會傳閱誦讀。可是,在書信還沒有送達之前,這些早期門徒是如何學習耶穌的生命和教導呢?             

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1 Ben Witherington III, The New Testament Story(Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004), 48.

How Did the Early Disciples Learn about Jesus? (Dan Liu)

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Bifolio from Paul’s Letter to the Romans, the end of Paul’s Letter to the Philippians and the beginning of Paul’s Letter to the Colossians, from a codex containing the Pauline Epistles. Greek on papyrus. Egypt, c. 200 AD. CBL BP II ff.15&90, University of Michigan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In Philippi around 50 C.E., Lydia, the jailer, his family, and the other converts there were transformed by the witness of Paul and his companions during their stay in the city (Acts 16), but as the apostle traveled on to Thessalonica (Acts 17:1), to whom did the Philippian church turn to grow in their faith? After this inspiring experience, how could they learn more about Jesus and how He wanted them to live? 

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誰是「撒瑪利亞人」? (Dan Liu)

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Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim_West_Bank
撒馬利亞人慶祝逾越節,於約旦河西岸的基利心山上

此文章乃中文譯本。英語原版在此 (Click here for the original English version)

誰是「撒瑪利亞人」?《新約》對他們的描述,能怎樣幫助我們去了解他們?讓我們從耳熟能詳的《約翰福音》第4章耶穌與撒馬利亞婦人的故事開始,他們的對話凸顯猶太人與撒瑪利亞人不少相同或相異的地方:他們有共同的祖先 ——  婦人稱「我們的祖宗」是雅各(4:12),她部分血緣可追溯到亞伯拉罕;而婦人和耶穌相遇的地方就在雅各井(《約翰福音》4:6,《創世紀》33:19,《約書亞記》24:32)。接下來的對話讓我們知道,撒瑪利亞人和猶太人對應當在哪裡敬拜意見不同  ——  猶太人認為必須在耶路撒冷,撒瑪利亞人則一向在撒瑪利亞的基利心山敬拜。最終,撒瑪利亞人與猶太人一樣,都正等待「彌賽亞」的降臨(4:25)。

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Who Are the Samaritans? (Dan Liu)

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Edkaprov (Edward Kaprov)., Samaritans marking Passover on Mount Gerizim, West Bank

Click here for the Chinese edition (此文章乃英語原版。中文譯本按此)

Who are the Samaritans? And what can we learn from their portrayal in the New Testament?  To begin, many of us are familiar with the story of Jesus and the Samaritan woman found in John 4.  Their dialogue highlights some commonalities and distinctions between the Jews and the Samaritans. We learn from the woman that the Samaritans shared a common ancestry with the Jews — note how she claimed “our father Jacob,” the son of Abraham (4:12), as part of her heritage. The place where she and Jesus met was at Jacob’s well (John 4:6, Genesis 33:19, Joshua 24:32). Moreover, as their conversation proceeds, we learn that the Samaritans and Jews disagreed on where proper worship could be carried out — the Jews insisted on Jerusalem, whereas the Samaritans worshipped on a mountain in Samaria, Mt. Gerizim. Finally, like the Jews, the Samaritans likewise were awaiting a “Messiah” (4:25).

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聖靈:在末後的日子帶來盼望 (Dan Liu)

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聖靈如鴿子:聖三一天主教堂 (印第安納州 Trinity) 的彩繪玻璃,Nheyob,CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)

此文章乃中文譯本。英語原版在此 (Click here for the original English version)

         上一篇文章提到聖靈給予我們方向和動力,達成三個層面的使命:我們歡喜領會何謂「聖靈」所結的的果子(加拉太書5:22-23);聖靈帶領我們委身傳揚耶穌的信息(使徒行傳8章);聖靈使肢體互相效力,運用各人恩賜以互補不足(哥林多前書12章;羅馬書12章)。

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The Holy Spirit Gives Us Hope in the Last Days (Dan Liu)

The Holy Spirit as a dove on stained glass windows, from the Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Trinity, Indiana), Nheyob, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Click here for the Chinese edition (此文章乃英語原版。中文譯本按此)

A previous article briefly outlined three areas of mission where the Holy Spirit guides and empowers us. We rejoice that we can understand what “Spiritual” fruit looks like (Gal. 5:22-23), that the Spirit leads us as we embody and proclaim the message of Jesus (Acts 8), and that the Spirit orchestrates our mutual collaboration as we share our Spirit-bestowed gifts with those around us (I Cor.12, Rom. 12).

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聖靈:成就神之使命的方向與動力(Dan Liu)

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「都柏林基督座堂」(Dublin Christ Church Cathedral) 通往議會禮堂之走廊的彩繪玻璃上,主基督被描繪為「好牧人」,聖靈的果子分列在旁 (Andreas F. Borchert, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en, via Wikimedia Commons

此文章乃中文譯本。英語原版在此 (Click here for the original English version)

之前我們追溯過,聖靈在《使徒行傳》中如何帶領著教會。綜觀這幅大圖畫的同時,我們可以怎樣在「凡人」的層面和個人的生活日常中留意到聖靈的帶領?如何藉著給我們力量的聖靈,在神的救世使命中盡一分力?怎樣分辨甚麼時候是聖靈的指引,甚麼時候是出於我們個人的考量或欲望?(注意:這文章未必能讓你確實知道聖靈是否希望你轉換新工作,但可讓你明白相關的聖經原則。) 我們如何做到「順著聖靈而行」(加拉太書5:16)呢?讓我們一起探討,聖靈如何讓我們在這世代參與神的救世奇工。

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How does the Holy Spirit guide and empower us for God’s mission? (Dan Liu)

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Stained glass window in the Dublin Christ Church Cathedral passage to the Synod Hall, depicting the Lord as Good Shepherd along with the Fruit of the Spirit. Andreas F. Borchert, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en, via Wikimedia Commons

Click here for the Chinese edition (此文章乃英語原版。中文譯本按此)

     Earlier we traced the Holy Spirit’s leadership of the church in Acts. As we appreciate this larger story, how do we recognize the Holy Spirit leading us at “our” level, in our personal daily lives? How do we, empowered by the Holy Spirit, fit into God’s broader mission in the world? How can we discern when the Holy Spirit is directing us, and when it may just be our interest or desire leading us? (Warning: we probably won’t arrive at the answer as to whether the Holy Spirit wants you to take that particular job or not, but we can understand better some principles that can help guide us.) How can we “walk by the Spirit” (Galatians 5:16)? Let’s seek some answers as to how the Holy Spirit guides us to participate in God’s mission today.

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《使徒行傳》就是「聖靈行傳」?(Dan Liu)

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《五旬節》(1732):Jean II Restout 的布面油畫,現存羅浮宮 (from Wikimedia Commons)

此文章乃中文譯本。英語原版在此 (Click here for the original English version)

年少時,父親介紹我認識《三國演義》這本名著,他給了我厚厚兩大冊的英譯本。我只讀了上冊,沒辦法完成下冊,書中的眾多名字和複雜情節令我頭昏眼花。儘管如此,書中所描述的兄弟情義和英雄事蹟確實豐富了我的成長。我還記得劉備、關羽、張飛桃園結義,神機妙算諸葛亮智勝曹操等故事。[1]我讀的英譯本,漢語名稱的譯名是基於早期的羅馬拼音系統(大概是韋氏 (Wade-Giles) 拼音法)

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1 我讀的英譯本,漢語名稱的譯名是基於早期的羅馬拼音系統(大概是韋氏 (Wade-Giles) 拼音法)

Should We Call It “Acts of the Holy Spirit”? (Dan Liu)

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“Pentecost,” oil painting (1732) by Jean II Restout, Louvre Museum, from Wikimedia Commons.

Click here for the Chinese edition (此文章原版為英語。中文譯本在此)

I was introduced to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義) by my father. He gave me a thick, two-volume English translation to read. I finished the first but, wearied by all the names and details, never read much of the second. Nonetheless, the brotherhood and heroism of Liu Pei, Kuan Yu, and Zhang Fei, equipped by Zhuge Liang’s artful ruses to battle Tsao Tsao,[1]The translation I read followed an earlier (probably Wade-Giles) romanization system for Chinese characters.have animated my imagination for a long time.

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1 The translation I read followed an earlier (probably Wade-Giles) romanization system for Chinese characters.